Give your art a boost with these essential oil painting techniques.
(Image credit: Getty Images)
Oil painting techniques can be tricky to master when you're just starting out. Naturally, whenever you're curating a new skill, there's always a learning curve but oil paints are notoriously tricky since they can't be diluted or cleaned with water. Fortunately, with some simple, practical techniques you can make your oil painting journey a little less daunting.
Below we've listed 10 essential oil painting techniques that will help to build your confidence using this tricky medium. You can watch the summary video below to get acquainted, then scroll down to learn more about each handy technique. If you need to update your creative kit, check out our guides to the best oil paints and the best art supplies for painting.
10 oil painting techniques in detail
01. Hold the paintbrush correctly
Hold your brush at the end for maximum control
There are many ways that an artist can grip the paintbrush when painting, but there's one 'go-to' method that every artist should know to get the most fluidity and sensitivity from each stroke. Hold the brush handle as far back as you can.
This might feel uncomfortable at first, but it provides the greatest degree of control over the brush since it allows you to paint with your whole arm, not just your wrist. For more brush advice, see our guide to how to choose which paint brush to use and how to clean paintbrushes.
02. Master your brush orientation
Using every angle of your brush adds to your versatility
When you're painting, it can be very easy to forget that your brush has two sides or orientations. There's no need to limit yourself to always making wide strokes using the flat side of your brush. Every brush can be turned on its side for sharper lines or strokes. Learning to control your lines with your brush orientation will help you paint faster and with more versatility.
03. Vary the amount of pressure
By varying pressure, you’ll vary texture as well
Avoid using 'heavy hands' on your paintbrush. Sometimes the amount of pressure that you apply to a stroke can make the difference between perfection and a mess. The heavier your pressure, the more your paints will blend and create ridges along the sides of your brushstrokes. Get familiar with how your light, medium, and heavy strokes look on the canvas and vary your pressure appropriately to achieve the desired effects.
04. Harness the power of the painting medium
Painting mediums can modify your paint in amazing ways
Oil painting isn't only about the paint. An essential part of controlling paint comes down to your use of a painting medium – typically a mixture of solvent and oil used to modify the paint and make it behave in different ways. Adding lots of medium will make your paint flat and transparent like a wash, whereas adding just a little medium will give your paint a mayonnaise-like consistency. Check out the best art supplies roundup for more brilliant resources.
05. Keep your colours pure
Keep your brushes clean so you don’t contaminate your colour
Be careful when you grab from the paint piles on your palette. Make sure your brushes are clean or you'll taint the colours you want to use. It’s vital to preserve the intensity of the colours straight from the tube, so remember to clean your brushes regularly – even between strokes if need be.
06. Use two-colour mixtures if possible
The fewer paints you mix, the more vibrant the resulting colour will be
Grabbing from every single paint pile while mixing will create a dull and less intense mixture. Practise mixing what you need using just two colours and white. By increasing your colour knowledge and getting better at mixing, you can paint more quickly and efficiently, and your work will benefit.
07. Don't over-mix
Only mix as much as necessary
When mixed colours first collide, there are tiny inconsistencies in the mixture that actually help to add vividness and interest to your paint. Therefore, when you combine colours to create a mixture it’s important to make sure you only mix them as much as necessary before applying the stroke. If you over-mix two colours, you will turn an interesting mixture into a flat and boring pile of paint.
08. Don't skimp on paint
Use as much paint as necessary to realise your vision
Sometimes you'll want a thin wash, but at other times you need a thick stroke to achieve your desired effect, so make sure you're using enough paint to create the type of stroke you need. Don't hold back on the paint at the expense of your painting. If you find yourself constantly swirling a brush around a thin pool of paint on your palette, then it's probably time to make the mixture again.
09. Try wet-on-wet versus dry brush
Use wet versus dry effects to your advantage
Remember that you can paint directly onto a wet surface or you can wait for it to dry and put wet paint over that. Paints will blend on the canvas when working wet-in-wet, which is great for creating transitions or gradients. Painting with a dry brush will give you a more textural effect, which is perfect for painting brick or dirt. See more in our guide to wet-in-wet watercolour painting techniques.
10. Don't forget the palette knife
Sometimes, the best brush for the job is not a brush at all
The palette knife isn't merely a trowel that you use to mix paint! At times, it can also be used very effectively to make interesting strokes. A palette knife is particularly useful for making textural and unpredictable strokes – effects that you'd be hard-pressed to duplicate with a brush.
Is oil paint hard for beginners?
As with any new skill, oil painting can be tricky, but you shouldn't let that put you off learning. The medium has a reputation for being complicated to use due to its slow drying time and the fact that it can't be watered down without a solvent. Learning to paint with oil paints naturally requires patience but with enhanced colour payoff and coverage, they hold their advantages above acrylics or watercolours.
Can you self learn oil painting?
It's more than achievable to teach yourself how to use oil paints. If you have the patience to learn the basics including brush techniques, shading, layering and colour mixing, you'll have the foundations to bring your artistic vision to life.
Like any new skill, it's all about practice – don't let yourself become disheartened if the skills don't come to you straight away. The most important thing when learning oil painting is to have fun and be brave – don't be afraid to experiment once you've nailed down the basics.
Jonathan Hardesty has been exhibited in invitational shows throughout the United States. His work is featured in various collections around the country. He currently teaches online at Schoolism.com.
